Diabetic Neuropathy Mechanism Of Action

A wide variety of syndromes involving the peripheral nerves may be encountered in patients with diabetes mellitus implying a correspondingly diverse range of underlying causative mechanisms. Much of the basic science addressing the etiology mechanisms of microvascular complications has used non neuronal derived cells or cell lines but studies in animal models of neuropathy and or human clinical studies with specific inhibitors of each pathway suggest that each mechanism can contribute to.

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Central mechanisms in painful diabetic neuropathy the cellular consequence of the central amplification of peripheral neuronal activity is generally manifested by an exaggerated response to synaptic inputs a reduction in threshold to activate neurons an increased response to suprathreshold stimuli and an expansion of receptive fields jensen and finnerup 2014.

Diabetic neuropathy mechanism of action. There is no single diabetic neuropathy. A fundamental role for aldose reductase containing schwann cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy as well as the interrelationship of pathogenic mechanisms is indicated by the sensitivity of hyperglycemia induced biochemical alterations such as polyol pathway flux formation of reactive oxygen species generation of advanced glycosylation end products ages and deficient neurotrophic support to blocking polyol pathway flux. High blood sugar glucose can injure nerves throughout your body.

The classification of the diabetic neuropathies is not yet finalised and has required successive modifications in the light of accumulating knowledge. Depending on the affected nerves diabetic neuropathy symptoms can range from pain and numbness in your legs and feet to problems with your digestive system urinary tract blood vessels and heart. In fact there are numerous data that showed oxidative stress induced tissue injury in the peripheral nerve in experimental diabetes 45 63 88 92 95 98.

Diabetes is diagnosed when fasting blood glucose exceeds 6 9 mmol l or casual or 2 h glucose in a glucose tolerance test exceeds 11 mmol l 4. As a cause of diabetic neuropathy the generation of free radicals is proposed to be a major factor through increased glycolytic process 98 99. Diabetes mellitus is a complex of metabolic disorders associated with insufficiency of insulin secretion insulin action or both and is manifested by hyperglycemia 1 3.

As a complication there is an increased risk of injury to the feet because of loss of sensation see diabetic foot. The mechanisms of diabetic neuropathy are poorly understood. While estimates vary depending on the methods used to diagnose diabetic neuropathy it is generally held that at least 50 of all diabetic patients will develop neuropathy in his or her lifetime 1 8 this high prevalence of neuropathy is likely an underestimate as several recent studies report that patients.

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to occur from both hyperglycemia induced damage to nerve cells per se and from neuronal ischemia caused by hyperglycemia induced decreases in neurovascular flow. At present treatment alleviates pain and can control some associated symptoms but the process is generally progressive. Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of diabetes.

Diabetic neuropathy most often damages nerves in your legs and feet.

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